Allergic Reactions
to PPD Hair Dye
Medical Journal Articles
The following articles investigated the underreporting of allergic reactions from hair dye, the rates of sensitivity, the symptoms, severity and in rare instances, death. 55 cases of allergic reactions to hair dye: a descriptive, consumer complaint-based study. Søsted, H.; Agner, T.; Andersen, K. E.; Menné, T.. Contact Dermatitis, Nov2002, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p299, 5p; DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470508.x; (AN 8875800) In
spite of the fact that PPD is highly sensitizing, and has been proven
to cause severe allergic reactions including fatalities, commercial
hair dyes are permitted to contain up to 6% PPD. Because the
allergic reactions often go unreported or misdiagnosed, it is suspected
that injuries from hair dye are more widespread than anyone is aware
of.
Dose–time
relationships for elicitation of contact allergy to para
-phenylenediamine.
Hextall, J. M.; Alagaratnam, N. J.; Glendinning, A. K.; Holloway, D. B.; Blaikie, L.; Basketter, D. A.; McFadden, J. P.. Contact Dermatitis, Aug2002, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p96, 4p; DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2002.470207.x; (AN 7735067) Although there have been many studies concerning skin reactions to PPD, there had not been research on the relationship between length of contact with PPD and severity of reaction, nor the relationship of PPD levels and severity of reaction. This study shows that the longer you leave PPD dye on the skin, the more likely there is to be an allergic reaction. A higher content of PPD is positively correlated with a higher incidence of allergic reaction. People who have had more exposure to PPD have a higher incidence of allergic reation. People who have already been sensitized to PPD may have rapid onset severe allergic reactions. At 5 minutes exposure, 16% of sensitive people had a reaction. At 15 minutes exposure, 38% of sensitive people had a reaction. At 30 minutes exposure, 50% of sensitive people had a reaction. at 120 minutes, 69% of sensitive people had a reaction. A similar direct relationship was found between exposure to higher levels of PPD and higher incidence of allergic reation. 22% of sensitive people had a reaction to 0.01% PPD 69% of sensitive people had a reaction to 1% PPD. Cumulive exposure has a positive correlation to allergic reaction: After 8 days, a second exposure to PPD yielded double the probablity of allergic reaction. Hair Dye Reaction Calman CD.., Contact Dermatitis Newsletter 1967; 1:16 Severe
cases of immediate type hypersensitivity to PPD are described
in which the patients developed severe edema, irritation of the eyes
and
face and difficulty in breathing
Allergic contact dermatitis from para-phenylenediamine in Bigen® powder hair dye. Ho, S. G. Y.; White, I. R.; Rycroft, R. J. G.; McFadden, J. P.. Contact Dermatitis, Aug2004, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p93, 2p; DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0396f.x; (AN 14418458) Bigen Hair dye has a 12.5% PPD content,
and may cause severe allergic reactions. 6% is the maximum
allowed by FDA law. According to the article above, Dose–time
relationships for elicitation of contact allergy to para
- phenylenediamine., .01% is sufficient to
cause an allergic reaction.
Acute Renal Failure Following para-Phenylenediamine (PPD) Poisoning: A Case Report and Review. By: Anuradha, S.; Arora, Sandeep; Mehrotra, S.; Arora, A.; Kar, P.. Renal Failure, May2004, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p329, 4p; DOI: 10.1081/JDI-200026722; (AN 13872095) PPD is shown to cause severe angioneurotic
edema, rhabdomyolysis and intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinuria
culminating in acute renal failure (death). Such cases are more
common in East Africa, South Asia and the Middle East than in western
countries.
Immediate-type
hypersensitivity and
allergic contact dermatitis due to para-phenylenediamine in hair dye. Wong, G. A. E.; King, C. M.. Contact Dermatitis, Mar2003, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p166, 1p; DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00038.x; (AN 9796308) This article reports an immediate allergic
reaction including severe rash and swelling around the eye requiring
steroid treatment, and fatal potential of hair dye application.
Contact
anaphylaxis due to para-phenylenediamine.
Fukunana, Tohru; Kawagoe, Rika; Hozumi, Hideki; Kanzaki, Tamotzu. Contact Dermatitis, Sep96, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p185, 2p; DOI: 10.1111/1600-0536.ep12036223; (AN 12036223) A 57 year old woman, who had used PPD hair
dyes for 8 years without incident, collapsed within minutes of applying
hair dye, and had severe skin reactions.
Contact dermatitis in hairdresser' clients. Guerra, Liliana; Bardazzi, Federico; Tosti, Antonella. Contact Dermatitis, Feb92, Vol.26 Issue 2, p108, 4p; DOI: 10.1111/1600-0536.ep11977899; (AN 11977899) Contact dermatitis in hairdressers: the Italian experience. Guerra, L.; Tosti, A.; Bardazzi, F.; Pigatto, P.; Lisi, P.; Santucci,B.; Valsecchi, R.; Schena, D.; Angelini, G.; Sertoli, A.; Ayala, F.; Kokeli, F.. Contact Dermatitis, Feb92, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p101, 7p; DOI:10.1111/1600-0536.ep11977892; (AN 11977892) Innate PPD sensitivity rates range between 4% and 7.3% (that means if you have NEVER been exposed to anything containing PPD you've got roughly a 5% chance of having a reaction the first time. However, the more frequently a person comes into contact with PPD, the more likely that person is to become sensitized. People who use hair dye regularly have an 18.7% rate of sensitization and hairdressers may have a 60% rate of sensitization. |